ADHD occurs in 8% to 10% of school-age children. Primary characteristics include challenges with staying focused and paying attention, controlling behavior, and managing activity level. ADHD is about 3 times more common in boys than in girls and occurs across all racial, ethnic, and social groups.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a child with ADHD might:
- Have a hard time paying attention
- Daydream a lot
- Not seem to listen
- Be easily distracted from schoolwork or play
- Forget things
- Be in constant motion or unable to stay seated
- Squirm or fidget
- Talk too much
- Not be able to play quietly
- Act and speak without thinking
- Have trouble taking turns
- Interrupt others
What causes ADHD?
Currently, the cause of ADHD is unknown. However, there is strong evidence for both genetic and environmental factors. Scientists continue to explore promising areas related to brain function and activity. Research has shown increased risk of ADHD related to smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight, and prematurity.
What should I do if I think my child might have ADHD?
A diagnosis of ADHD should come from a licensed professional, such as a pediatrician, child psychologist, or pediatric neurologist. There is no single test for ADHD. A diagnosis will come after a medical exam, ruling out other issues, and often after collecting first-hand observations from parents, teachers, and others.
Can ADHD be treated?
While there is no cure for ADHD, there are effective strategies that may be put in place to manage symptoms. Research conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health and the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Special Education Programs has recognized the effectiveness of four core interventions:
- Child, parent, and teacher education about ADHD
- Medication
- Behavioral therapy
- Other environmental supports, including an appropriate school program
There are many strategies available and there is not a one-size-fits-all approach. Discuss individualized options with your child’s pediatrician and reevaluate treatment plans and make changes when needed.
How will having a child with ADHD affect my family?
Most children with ADHD will not outgrow it and therefore will need to manage their symptoms even as adults. Children with ADHD are often blamed for their behavior, when it may be beyond their control. Remember this and place patience, compassion, and self-care in your parenting toolbox. Responding in positive and supportive ways will help your child to reach his or her full potential.
Your child may be eligible for special education services and may benefit from additional educational supports. Remember that you will be your child’s most important advocate, so familiarize yourself with legal and educational rights.
‣ VKC Resources
‣ Local and National Resources
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD)
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Health and Wellness Library
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Support and Training for Exceptional Parents (STEP)
- Tennessee Department of Education, Division of Special Education
- Vanderbilt Center for Child Development
Top photo by Getty Images/iStockphoto
[April 2011]